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What is a
host?
Any (end-user) computer system that
connected to a network. Hosts range in
size from personal computers to
supercomputers.
What
is an IP address?
The 32-bit address assigned to hosts
that want to participate in a TCP/IP
Internet. IP addresses are the
abstraction of physical hardware
addresses just as an internet is an
abstraction of physical networks.
Actually assigned to the
interconnection of a host to a physical
network, an IP address consists of a
network portion and a host portion. The
partition makes routing efficient.
What is a
port?
The abstraction that transport
protocols use to distinguish among
multiple destinations within a given
host computer. TCP/IP protocols
identify ports using small positive
integers. Usually, the operating system
allows an application program to
specify which port it wants to use.
Some ports are reserved for standard
services (e.g. electronic mail).
What is IP?
(Internet Protocol) The
TCP/IP standard protocol that defines
the IP datagram as the unit of
information passed across an internet
and provides the basis for
connectionless, best-effort packet
delivery service. IP includes the ICMP
control and error message protocol as
an integral part.
What is
TCP?
(Transmission Control
Protocol) The TCP/IP standard
transport level protocol that provides
the reliable, full duplex, stream
service on which many application
protocols depend. TCP allows a process
on one machine to send a stream of data
to a process on another. It is
connection-oriented in the sense that
before transmitting data, participants
must establish a connection. Software
implementing TCP usually resides in the
operating system and uses the IP
protocol to transmit information across
the underlying internet.
What is
UDP?
(User Datagram Protocol) The
TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an
application program on one machine to
send a datagram to an application
program on another machine. UDP uses
the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver
datagrams. Conceptually, the important
difference between UDP datagrams and IP
datagrams is that UDP includes a
protocol port number, allowing the
sender to distinguish among multiple
destinations (application programs) on
the remote machine. In practice, UDP
also includes a checksum over the data
being sent.
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